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chrism
Chrism, also called myrrh, ''myron'', holy anointing oil, and consecrated oil, is a consecrated oil used in the Anglican, Armenian, Assyrian, Catholic and Old Catholic, Eastern and Oriental Orthodox, and Nordic Lutheran Churches in the administration of certain sacraments and ecclesiastical functions.
==Name==
The English ''chrism'' derives from Koine Greek via Latin and Old French. In Greek, ''khrîsma'' () was originally the present participle ("anointing") of ("anoint").〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "chrism, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1889.〕 By extension, along with ''khrîma'' (), ''khrîstai'' (), and later ''khrísma'' (), it came to be used for the anointing oil or ointment itself. ''Khrísma'' came into Latin as ''ラテン語:chrisma'', which appears in the works of Tertullian. This was adopted directly into Old English as ', which developed into Middle English ' and various related spellings.〔 In Old French, the original Latin was conflated with ''ラテン語:cramum'' ("cream"), developing into ', which was also borrowed into Middle English around 1300 as ' and various related spellings. The spelling ''chrism'' after the Latin original was generally adopted in the 16th century, after which "cream" came to be restricted to its present meaning.〔
The Proto-Indo-European root from which the Greek term derived has been reconstructed as ''
*ghrei-'' ("to rub"). This is cognate with Sanskrit ''(unicode:ghṛtə)'' (, "sprinkled") and Hindi ''ghī'' (, "ghee"), as well as Lithuanian ' ("skimming"), Middle Low German ' ("grime"), Old English ' ("mask, helm, spectre", presumably from an original sense of "covering" or "concealment"), English ''grime'', and possibly Phrygian ' ("painted, ornamented, inscribed").
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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