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circulene
A circulene is a macrocyclic arene in which a central n-sided polygon is completely surrounded and fused by benzenoids.〔J.H. Dopper, Hans Wynberg, ''Heterocirculenes a new class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons'', Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 13, Issue 9, 1972, Pages 763-766, ISSN 0040-4039, 〕 ()circulene (corannulene), ()circulene (coronene), ()circulene,〔''Synthesis and characterization of ()circulene'' Koji Yamamoto, Tadashi Harada, Masao Nakazaki, Takuo Naka, Yasushi Kai, Shigeharu Harada, and Nobutami Kasai Journal of the American Chemical Society 1983 105 (24), 7171-7172 〕〔''Synthesis and molecular structure of ()circulene'' Koji. Yamamoto, Tadashi. Harada, Yoshio. Okamoto, Hiroaki. Chikamatsu, Masao. Nakazaki, Yasushi. Kai, Takuo. Nakao, Mitsuya. Tanaka, Shigeharu. Harada, and Nobutami. Kasai Journal of the American Chemical Society 1988 110 (11), 3578-3584 〕〔Yamamoto, K., Sonobe, H., Matsubara, H., Sato, M., Okamoto, S. and Kitaura, K. (1996), ''Convenient New Synthesis of ()Circulene''. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 35: 69–70. 〕〔''Extended systems of closed helicene. Synthesis and characterization of () and ()-circulene'' Koji Yamamoto Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 157-163, 1993. (Online article )〕 and ()circulene (kekulene) have all been synthesized in the laboratory. These compounds belong to a larger class of geodesic polyarenes. Whereas ()circulene is bowl-shaped and ()circulene is planar, ()circulene has a unique saddle-shaped structure (compare to cones and partial cones in calixarenes). Conceptually related compounds are the helicenes. ==Quadrannulene== The isolation of quadrannulene or tetrabenzo()circulene has been reported.〔Bharat, Bhola, R., Bally, T., Valente, A., Cyrański, Michał K., Dobrzycki, Ł., Spain, Stephen M., Rempała, P., Chin, Matthew R. and King, Benjamin T. (2010), ''Quadrannulene: A Nonclassical Fullerene Fragment''. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49: 399–402. 〕
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