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''Cleome'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. Previously it had been placed in the family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to the Brassicaceae than the Capparaceae. The APG II system〔Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: (Brassicales ).〕 allows for ''Cleome'' and the other members of the Cleomaceae to be included in the Brassicaceae. The genus ''sensu stricto'' includes about 170 species of herbaceous annual or perennial plants and shrubs.〔Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening'' 1: 652-653. Macmillan ISBN 1-56159-001-0.〕 The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world.〔 However, a recent DNA study failed to separate ''Cleome'', ''Podandrogyne'', and ''Polanisia'' from each other, so some taxonomists have abandoned the last two of these genera, treating them as part of ''Cleome'' ''sensu lato''; in this case, ''Cleome'' contains about 275 species, the vast majority of the Cleomaceae. As a genus, it contains species which show a developmental progression from C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis. This, combined with its being very close to Brassicaceae (and therefore closely related to the model plant species ''Arabidopsis thaliana''), make it an ideal genus in which to study how C4 photosynthesis occurs and how it evolved. Morphological differences that demonstrate the transition from C3 to C4 include C3 species having more veins and larger bundle sheath cells. Also, proteins present in species such as ''Cleome gynandra'' are needed for C4 photosynthesis.〔Marshall, D.M., Muhaidat, R., Brown, N.J., Liu, Z., Stanley, S., Griffiths, H.G., Sage, R.F., Hibberd, J.M. (2007) Cleome, a genus closely related to Arabidopsis, contains species spanning a developmental progression from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. Plant Journal, 51: 886-896 〕 Species of ''Cleome'' are commonly known as spider flowers, spider plants, spider weeds, or bee plants. ==Selected species== Sources:〔Germplasm Resources Information Network: (''Cleome'' list )〕〔〔Flora Europaea: (''Cleome'' list )〕〔USDA Plants Profile: (''Cleome'' list )〕〔Efloras: (''Cleome'' search results )〕 *''Cleome aculeata'' L., tropical *''Cleome anomala'' Kunth; neotropical *''Cleome arborea'' Kunth *''Cleome aspera'' Koen. ex DC. *''Cleome augustinensis'' (Hochr.) Briq. *''cleome ciliata'' D.Dian *''Cleome chilensis'' DC. *''Cleome cordobensis'' Eichler ex Griseb. *''Cleome diffusa'' Banks ex DC. *''Cleome eosina'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome felina'' L.f. *''Cleome flexuosa'' F.Dietr. *''Cleome gigantea'' L. *''Cleome glabra'' Taub. ex Glaz. *''Cleome guianensis'' Aubl. *''Cleome gynandra'' L. *''Cleome hassleriana'' Chodat *''Cleome herrerae'' J.F.Macbr. *''Cleome hirta'' (Klotzsch) Oliv. *''Cleome iberica'' DC. *''Cleome isomeris'' Greene *''Cleome lanceolata'' (Mart. & Zucc.) H.H.Iltis *''Cleome lechleri'' Eichler *''Cleome lutea'' Hook. *''Cleome maculata'' (Sond.) Szyszył. *''Cleome micrantha'' Desv. ex Ham. *''Cleome monophylla'' L. *''Cleome multicaulis'' DC. *''Cleome ornithopodioides'' L. *''Cleome paludosa'' Willd. ex Eichler *''Cleome parviflora'' Kunth *''Cleome pilosa *''Cleome platycarpa'' Torr. *''Cleome psoraleifolia'' DC. *''Cleome rubella'' Burch. *''Cleome rutidosperma'' DC. *''Cleome serrata'' Jacq. *''Cleome serrulata'' Pursh *''Cleome sparsifolia'' S.Wats. *''Cleome speciosa'' Raf. *''Cleome spinosa'' Jacq. *''Cleome stenophylla'' Klotzsch ex Urban *''Cleome stylosa'' Eichler *''Cleome titubans'' Speg. *''Cleome trachycarpa'' Klotzsch ex Eichler *''Cleome tucumanensis'' H.H.Iltis *''Cleome violacea'' L. *''Cleome viridiflora'' Schreb. *''Cleome viscosa'' L. *''Cleome werdermannii'' A. Ernst *''Cleome monophylla 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cleome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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