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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the ''Coffea'' plant. The Coffea plant is native to subtropical Africa and some islands in southern Asia. The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world and coffee plants are now cultivated in over 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. Once ripe, coffee beans are picked, processed, and dried. Green (unroasted) coffee beans are one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Once traded, the coffee beans are roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans are ground and brewed to produce coffee as a beverage. Coffee is slightly acidic and can have a stimulating effect on humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world. It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, cappuccino, cafe latte, etc.). It is usually served hot, although iced coffee is also served. The majority of recent research suggests that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial in healthy adults. Coffee cultivation first took place in Abyssinia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cwh.ucsc.edu/brooks/coffee-site/1400-1800.html )〕 The earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. In the Horn of Africa and Yemen, coffee was used in local religious ceremonies. As these ceremonies conflicted with the beliefs of the Christian church, the Ethiopian Church banned the secular consumption of coffee until the reign of Emperor Menelik II. The beverage was also banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons,〔 and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe. Coffee is a major export commodity: it is the top agricultural export for numerous countries and among the world's largest legal agricultural export.〔〔 To retrieve export values: Select the "commodities/years" tab. Under "subject", select "Export value of primary commodity." Under "country," select "World." Under "commodity," hold down the shift key while selecting all commodities under the "single commodity" category. Select the desired year and click "show data." A list of all commodities and their export values will be displayed.〕 and one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Consequently, fair trade coffee and organic coffee are an expanding market. ==Etymology== The first reference to coffee in the English language is in the form ''chaona'', dated to 1598 and understood to be a misprint of ''chaoua'', equivalent, in the orthography of the time, to ''chaova''. This term and "coffee" both derive from the Ottoman Turkish , by way of the Italian . In turn, the Arabic ''qahwah'' may be an origin,〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st ed. "coffee, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1891.〕 traditionally held to refer to a type of wine whose etymology is given by Arab lexicographers as deriving from the verb ''qahā'', "to lack hunger", in reference to the drink's reputation as an appetite suppressant. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「coffee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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