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coilgun
A coilgun or Gauss gun (not a rifle as the barrel is not rifled; named in reference to Carl Friedrich Gauss, who formulated mathematical descriptions of the magnetic effect used by magnetic accelerators) is a type of projectile accelerator consisting of one or more coils used as electromagnets in the configuration of a linear motor that accelerate a ferromagnetic or conducting projectile to high velocity.〔 In almost all coilgun configurations, the coils and the gun barrel are arranged on a common axis.
Coilguns generally consist of one or more coils arranged along a barrel, so the path of the accelerating projectile lies along the central axis of the coils. The coils are switched on and off in a precisely timed sequence, causing the projectile to be accelerated quickly along the barrel via magnetic forces. Coilguns are distinct from railguns, as the direction of acceleration in a railgun is at right angles to the central axis of the current loop formed by the conducting rails. In addition, railguns usually require the use of sliding contacts to pass a large current through the projectile or sabot but coilguns do not necessarily require sliding contacts.〔 Whilst some simple coilgun concepts can use ferromagnetic projectiles or even permanent magnet projectiles, most designs for high velocities actually incorporate a coupled coil as part of the projectile.
== History ==
The first operational coilgun was developed and patented by Norwegian physicist Kristian Birkeland in 1904.〔https://www.google.com/patents/US754637?dq=US+754637+A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=raKxVPn1BNP8yQSk-4G4Aw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA〕
In 1933, Texan inventor Virgil Rigsby developed a stationary coilgun that was designed to be used like a machine gun. It was powered by a large electrical motor and generator.〔 It appeared in many contemporary science publications, but never piqued the interest of any armed forces. 〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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