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colistin
Colistin (polymyxin E) is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of ''Paenibacillus polymyxa'' var. ''colistinus''. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a polypeptide antibiotic. It is commercially available as Colymonas (India, marketed by Glenmark Pharmaceuticals ltd) and Koolistin (India, registered and marketed by Biocon ltd)
Colistin is a decades-old drug that fell out of favor due to its nephrotoxicity. It remains one of the last-resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'', and ''Acinetobacter''. NDM-1 metallo-β-lactamase multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have also shown susceptibility to Colistin. Resistance to colistin has been identified in the Escherichia coli strain SHP45, carried by the MCR-1 gene, as the first plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance mechanism.
== History ==
Colistin was derived from a flask of fermenting bacteria by a Japanese researcher in 1949.〔Vastag, Brian (2012), "NIH Superbug Outbreak Shows Lack of Antibiotics", ''The Washington Post'', Saturday, 25 August 2012; pg A2.〕
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