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colonization
Colonization (or colonisation) is an ongoing process of control by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components (people, animals etc.).
The term is derived from the Latin word ''colere'', which means "to inhabit". Also, colonization refers strictly to migration, for example, to settler colonies in America or Australia, trading posts, and plantations, while colonialism deals with this, along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled "new territories".
Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions of Europeans all over the world. In many settled colonies, European settlers formed a large majority of the population. Examples include the Americas, Australia and New Zealand. These colonies were occasionally called 'neo-Europes'. In other places, European settlers formed minority groups, who were often dominant and privileged in their places of settlement.
When European settlers started to settle land such as Australia, they regarded such landmasses as ''terra nullius''. ''Terra nullius'' means 'empty land' in Latin.〔 In other words, the settlers treated the land as uninhabited and a "clean slate" for colonization and colonial rule.〔 However, these ideas were untrue, as such landmasses were often inhabited by indigenous populations.〔 For example, it was estimated that there were 350,000 native people in Australia during the time when Europeans tried to conquer Australia.〔 A similar process of appropriating land by colonizers can be observed in the late nineteenth century during the colonization of West Africa by Europe.The accepted practice among cartographers at the time was to display unexplored landscapes as "blank spaces". Instead of interpreting "blank spaces" as limited geographical knowledge imperialists saw them as vacant spaces awaiting colonists. Public perception of "blank spaces" was consistent with that of the colonizers; the illusion of "blank spaces" proved to be a successful trick. Laws encouraging the colonization of the Americas, such as Mexico's General Colonization Law were implemented from the 1820s.
== Historical colonizations ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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