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colubridae
The Colubridae (from Latin ''coluber'', snake) are a family of snakes. With 304 genera and 1,938 species, Colubridae is the largest snake family, and includes about two-thirds of all known living snake species. The earliest species of the family date back to the Oligocene epoch. Colubrid species are found on every continent except Antarctica.
==Description==
While most colubrids are not venomous (or have venom that is not known to be harmful to humans) and are mostly harmless, a few groups, such as genus ''Boiga'', can produce medically significant bites, while the boomslang, the twig snakes, and the Asian genus ''Rhabdophis'' have caused human fatalities.〔〔Bruna Azara, C. 1995. Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España. ''Bol. SEA'', 11: 32-40〕 The Colubridae also include the few species of poisonous snakes in the world, notably ''Rhabdophis tigrinus'', the Japanese grass snake or ''yamakagashi'', the difference between poisonous and venomous being that venom requires direct administration (i.e. intravenous injection) and poison can be administered indirectly (i.e. skin contact or ingestion).
Some of the colubrids are described as opisthoglyphous, meaning they have elongated, grooved teeth located in the back of the upper jaw. The opisthoglyphous dentition appears at least twice in the history of snakes.〔 These are unlike those of vipers and elapids, which are located in the front.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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