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commander
Commander is a naval officer rank. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other organizations, including several police forces.
Commander is also a generic term for an officer commanding any armed forces unit, for example "platoon commander", "brigade commander" and "squadron commander". In the police, terms such as "borough commander" and "incident commander" are used.
As a naval rank it is normally immediately senior to lieutenant commander, in Scandinavia, the rank commander is known as "commander-captain" ((ノルウェー語:Kommandørkaptein), (スウェーデン語:Kommendörkapten), (デンマーク語:Kommandørkaptajn)).
==Commander as a naval rank==
Commander is a rank used in navies but is very rarely used as a rank in armies (except in special forces where it designates the team leader). The title (originally "master and commander")〔See also: ''Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World''.〕 originated in the 18th century to describe naval officers who commanded ships of war too large to be commanded by a Lieutenant but too small to warrant the assignment of a post-captain and (before about 1770) a sailing-master; the commanding officer served as his own Master. In practice, these were usually unrated sloops-of-war of no more than 20 guns. The Royal Navy shortened "master and commander" to "commander" in 1794; however, the term "master and commander" remained (unofficially) in common parlance for several years. The equivalent American rank master commandant remained in use until changed to commander in 1838. A corresponding rank in some navies is frigate captain. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the rank has been assigned the NATO rank code of OF-4.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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