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commandeur
Commandeur is a title in French and Dutch, usually rendered in English as Commander, with different uses. The literal meaning is he who commands, parallel to Commandant. In most senses the German equivalent is Kommandeur.
==Naval and air force use==
Various functions of commanding officers were styled Commandeur. In the navy of the Dutch Republic anyone who commanded a ship or a fleet without having an appropriate rank to do so, could be called a commandeur. This included ad hoc fleet commanders and acting captains (''luitenant-commandeur''). In the fleet of the Admiralty of Zealand however, ''commandeur'' was a formal rank, the equivalent of ''Schout-bij-nacht'' (Rear-Admiral) in the other Dutch admiralties. The Dutch use of the title as a rank lives on in the Royal Netherlands Navy, as the equivalent of Commodore. In the Royal Netherlands Air Force, however, this rank is known by the English spelling of Commodore which is the Dutch equivalent of the British Air Commodore.
Similar rank also exist in the Royal Danish Navy and the Royal Norwegian Navy (as ''Kommandør''), as well as the Swedish Navy (as ''Kommendör''). Note that these are equivalent to Captain in the British Royal Navy and the United States Navy, and ''not'' Commodore.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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