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commissar
Commissar (sometimes ''Kommissar'') is an English transliteration of the (ロシア語:комисса́р), which means commissary. In English, the transliteration "commissar" is used to refer specifically to Communist political officers, while administrative officers are translated to "commissary". In English, "Commissar" also refers to similar Communist officers in other countries, for example during the Spanish Civil War.
The same word комисса́р is used in Russian for both political and administrative officials. The title has been used in the Soviet Union and Russia from the time of Peter the Great.
==History==
Commissaries were used during the Provisional Government for regional heads of administration, but the term commissar is associated with a number of Cheka and military functions in Bolshevik and Soviet government military forces during the Russian Civil War (the White Army widely used the collective term "bolsheviks and commissars" for their opponents) and with the later terms ''People's Commissar'' (or ''narkom'') for government ministers and ''political commissar'' in the military.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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