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A concept ' is an abstraction or generalization from experience or the result of a transformation of existing ideas. The concept is instantiated (reified) by all of its actual or potential instances, whether these are things in the real world or other ideas. Concepts are treated in many if not most disciplines both explicitly, such as in psychology, philosophy, etc., and implicitly, such as in mathematics, physics, etc. In metaphysics, and especially ontology, a concept is a fundamental category of existence. In contemporary philosophy, there are at least three prevailing ways to understand what a concept is: * Concepts as mental representations, where concepts are entities that exist in the brain, * Concepts as abilities, where concepts are abilities peculiar to cognitive agents, and * Concepts as abstract objects, where objects are the constituents of propositions that mediate between thought, language, and referents. ==Etymology== The term "concept" is traced back to 1554–60 (Latin ''conceptum'' – "something conceived"),〔http://www.bartleby.com/61/49/C0544900.html|The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.〕 but what is today termed "the classical theory of concepts" is the theory of Aristotle on the definition of terms. The meaning of "concept" is explored in mainstream information science,〔Stock, W.G. (2010). (Concepts and semantic relations in information science ). Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(10), 1951–1969.〕〔Hjørland, B. (2009). Concept Theory. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(8), 1519–1536〕 cognitive science, metaphysics, and philosophy of mind. In computer and information science contexts, especially, the term 'concept' is often used in unclear or inconsistent ways.〔Smith, B. (2004). (Beyond Concepts, or: Ontology as Reality Representation ), Formal Ontology and Information Systems. Proceedings of the Third International Conference (FOIS 2004), Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2004, 73–84.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「concept」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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