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concertmaster
The concertmaster (from the German ''Konzertmeister'') is the second-most significant person in an orchestra, symphonic band or other musical ensemble after the conductor or director. In the UK, the term commonly used is "leader".
== Orchestra ==
In an orchestra, the concertmaster is the leader of the first violin section. There is another violin section, the second violins, led by the principal second violin. Any violin solo in an orchestral work is played by the concertmaster (except in the case of a concerto, in which case a guest soloist usually plays).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The role of the Concertmaster )〕 It is usually required that the concertmaster be the most skilled musician in the section, experienced at learning music quickly, counting rests accurately and leading the rest of the string section by his or her playing and bow gestures.
The concertmaster sits to the conductor's left, closest to the audience, in what is called the "first stand" or "first desk" (in the UK). He or she makes decisions regarding bowing and other technical details of violin playing for the violins, and sometimes all of the string players. The concertmaster leads the orchestra in tuning before concerts and rehearsals, and other technical aspects of orchestra management.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.camasb.org/yad/yad-orchestra.shtml )〕 Leading the orchestral tuning is not just a mere formality; if the concertmaster believes that a section is not adequately tuned, he or she will signal to the oboe player to play another "A". Several larger orchestras have one or more assistant concertmasters, who lead the orchestra in the concertmaster's absence.
The concertmaster, along with the conductor and section principals, will normally participate in the auditions of important musicians (e.g., principal players) in the orchestra.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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