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coniine
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Coniine is a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock (''Conium maculatum'') and the yellow pitcher plant (''Sarracenia flava''), and contributes to hemlock's fetid smell. It disrupts the peripheral nervous system and is toxic to humans and all classes of livestock; less than 0.1g is fatal to humans, with death caused by respiratory paralysis. Notably, Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking a mixture containing poison hemlock in 399 BC.
Coniine has two stereoisomers: (''S'')-(+)-coniine, and (''R'')-(−)-coniine, both of which are present in hemlock (see "Modern Chemical Studies", below). Coniine was first synthesized by Albert Ladenburg in 1886; it was the first of the alkaloids to be synthesized.
==Natural Origins==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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