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''Conquistadors'' (from Portuguese or Spanish ''conquistadores'' "conquerors"; (:koŋkistaˈðoɾes), (:kũkiʃtɐˈdoɾis), (:kõkiʃtɐˈðoɾɨʃ)) is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.〔Mary Hill, ''(Gold: The California Story )''〕 During the Age of Discovery ''conquistadores'' sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes. They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. ==Conquest== Portugal established a maritime route to China in the early 16th century, sending ships via the southern coast of Africa and founding numerous coastal enclaves along the route. Following the discovery of the New World in 1492 by Christopher Columbus and the first circumnavigation of the world by Juan Sebastián Elcano and Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 (both voyages promoted by the Spanish Crown of Castile), expeditions led by conquistadors in the 16th century established trading routes linking Europe with all these areas. Human infections gained worldwide transmission vectors for the first time: from Africa and Eurasia to the Americas and ''vice versa''.〔http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16485469〕〔http://www.virus.med.puc.cl/viajero/f_amarilla.html〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CDC Yellow Fever )〕 The spread of old-world diseases, including smallpox, flu and typhus, decimated the inhabitants of the New World. In the 16th century perhaps 240,000 Europeans entered American ports.〔("The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America" by James Axtell )〕〔''(The Spanish Colonial System, 1550–1800. Population Development )''〕 By the late 16th century silver imports from America provided one-fifth of Spain's total budget.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「conquistador」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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