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consolatio
:''See also the Catharist Consolamentum
The ''Consolatio'' or consolatory oration is a type of ceremonial oratory, typically used rhetorically to comfort mourners at funerals. It was one of the most popular classical rhetoric topics,〔Ernst Robert Curtius, ''European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages'', trans. W.R. Trask (Princeton: 1953) section 5.1 ''Topics of Consolatory Oratory'' pp.80-2〕〔Petrie, Graham (1970) "(A Rhetorical Topic in 'Tristram Shandy' " ), ''Modern Language Review'', Vol. 65, No. 2, April 1970, p. 262〕 and received new impetus under Renaissance humanism.
==Consolatio as a literary genre==
The ''Consolatio'' literary tradition ("consolation" in English) is a broad literary genre encompassing various forms of consolatory speeches, essays, poems, and personal letters. This literary tradition flourished in antiquity, and its origins date back to the fifth century BC. Orators in antiquity often delivered consolatory speeches to comfort mourners at funerals or in cases of public mourning. Friends wrote personal letters consoling each other on the loss of a loved one. These were often highly personal and emotional. In addition to personal offerings of solace, ''Consolatio'' works also include philosophical treatises on grief. These works are usually more detached in tone, and many are written in essay format. Many ancient poets even wrote verse in this distinct ''Consolatio'' style. These consolatory works are all called ''Consolatio'' because of their similar arguments, topoi, and distinctive rhetorical appeals.〔Scourfield, J. H. D. Consoling Heliodorus: a commentary on Jerome, Letter 60. N.p.:Oxford UP, 1993. Google Books. Web. 19 July 2009. . pp. 15–22〕 Only fragments of early ''Consolatio'' works survive, and it is not until Cicero's ''Tusculan Disputations'', Seneca's ''Ad Marciam'', and Boethius' ''Consolation of Philosophy'' that a unified character appears. Scholars often view these works as the bedrock of the formal ''Consolatio'' tradition. (Fournier, introduction)
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