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copyist
A copyist is a person who makes copies.
The term is sometimes used for artists who make copies of other artists' paintings. However, the modern use of the term is almost entirely confined to music copyists, who are employed by the music industry to produce neat copies from a composer or arranger's manuscript.
==Music copyists==
Until the 1990s, most copyists worked by hand to write out scores and individual instrumental parts neatly, using a calligraphy pen, manuscript paper, and often a ruler. In the 1990s, copyists began using scorewriters - computer programs which are the music notation equivalent of a word processor. (Such programs include ''Sibelius'', ''Finale'', ''MuseScore'' or ''GNU LilyPond'').
Both handwritten and computer-based copying require significant understanding of musical notation, music theory, the musical styles and conventions of different styles of music (e.g., regarding appropriate ornamentation), and strong attention to detail and past conventions. Ludwig van Beethoven had a contentious relationship with his copyists, who often made mistakes that remained uncorrected until the advent of Urtext editions; some musicologists have devoted a lot of effort to identifying Beethoven's copyists.〔Tyson, Alan (1970). Autumn. "Notes on Five of Beethoven's Copyists" 23 3 ''Journal of the American Musicological Society'' p. 439〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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