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The cosmos (, ) is the universe regarded as a complex and orderly system; the opposite of chaos.〔(Definition in Merriam-Webster dictionary )〕 The philosopher Pythagoras used the term ''cosmos'' () for the order of the universe, but the term was not part of modern language until the 19th century geographer and polymath, Alexander von Humboldt, resurrected the use of the word from the ancient Greek, assigned it to his multi-volume treatise, Kosmos, and, along the way, influenced our present and somewhat holistic perception of the universe as one interacting entity. == Cosmology == (詳細はCosmology is the study of the cosmos in several of the above meanings, depending on context. All cosmologies have in common an attempt to understand the implicit order within the whole of being. In this way, most religions and philosophical systems have a cosmology. Cosmology is a branch of metaphysics that deals with the nature of the universe, a theory or doctrine describing the natural order of the universe.〔(cosmology ) - Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 March 2015.〕 The basic definition of Cosmology is the science of the origin and development of the universe. In modern astronomy the Big Bang theory is the dominant postulation. In physical cosmology, the term ''cosmos'' is often used in a technical way, referring to a particular spacetime continuum within the (postulated) multiverse. Our particular cosmos, the observable universe, is generally capitalized as ''the Cosmos''. According to Charles Peter Mason in Sir William Smith ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1870, see book screenshot for full quote), Pythagoreans described the universe. :''It appears, in fact, from this, as well as from the extant fragments, that the first book (from Philolaus) of the work contained a general account of the origin and arrangement of the universe. The second book appears to have been an exposition of the nature of numbers, which in the Pythagorean theory are the essence and source of all things.'' (p. 305) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cosmos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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