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A specific fear of clowns has sometimes been discussed in terms of a specific phobia. The term ''coulrophobia'' has been coined in the context of informal "''-phobia'' lists".〔The term is listed by the ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' () with the caveat that it "looks suspiciously like the sort of thing idle pseudo-intellectuals invent on the Internet and which every smarty-pants takes up thereafter". The prefix ''coulro-'' is "said to be built from Greek ''kolon'' 'limb,' with some supposed sense of 'stilt-walker,' hence 'clown'" (i.e. Greek ''kolobathristes'' "stilt-walker"). Probably coined in the late 1980s, the term "has been coined more on the Internet than in printed form because it does not appear in any previously published, psychiatric, unabridged, or abridged dictionary." (Robertson 2003:62) The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' adopted the term in 2010, also deriving it from ''kolobatheron'' "stilt" ()〕 The term is not listed in the World Health Organisation's ICD-10 nor in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 categorisation of disorders.〔ICD-10, which has been ridiculed for its compositional, highly specific system of codes allowing diagnosis of the kind of "burn due to water-skis on fire" or "crushed by crocodile" (Fred Pelzman, "The Craziness of ICD-10", MedPage Today 7/2/2015; Mark Liberman, (Language Log ), 2 July 2 2015) would classify a "fear of clowns" simply as "(F40.298 ) Other specified phobia".〕 ==Evil clown archetype== (詳細はuncanny valley''—in which a figure is lifelike enough to be disturbing, but not realistic enough to be pleasant—and thus frightens a child so much that they carry this phobia throughout their adult life.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Are Some People Afraid Of Clowns? )〕 According to a psychology professor at California State University, Northridge, young children are "very reactive to a familiar body type with an unfamiliar face".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trinity.edu )〕 Researchers who have studied the phobia believe there is some correlation to the uncanny valley effect.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Are Some People Afraid Of Clowns? )〕 Additionally, the fact that much clown behavior is "transgressive" (anti-social behavior) can create feelings of unease.〔(''Fear of clowns, yes it's real'' NPR, August 6, 2013 )〕 The contemporary "evil clown" archetype develops in the 1980s, notably popularized by Stephen King's ''It'', and perhaps influenced by John Wayne Gacy, a real-life serial killer dubbed the ''Killer Clown'' in 1978. ''Killer Klowns from Outer Space'' was a 1988 horror comedy dedicated to the topic. The ''Joker'' character in the ''Batman'' franchise was introduced as early as 1940, and has developed into one of the most-recognizable and iconic fictional characters in popular culture, leading the ''Wizard'' magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time" ranking in 2006. Krusty the Clown (introduced 1989) is an influential parody of Bozo the Clown in ''The Simpsons''. In episode ''Lisa's First Word'' (1992), children's fear of clowns features in the form of Bart being traumatized by an inexpertly-built Krusty the Clown themed bed, repeatedly uttering the phrase "can't sleep, clown will eat me...". The phrase inspired an Alice Cooper song in the album ''Dragontown'' (2001). and became a popular catchphrase. Websites dedicated to evil clowns and the fear of clowns appeared in the late 1990s.〔"Coulrophobia has spread to the Web, where sufferers can vent on sites such as ihateclowns.com and clownz.com. A sample posting: 'My hatred of clowns began when I was 5 years old. I was at a circus, and a clown came up to me and said, "Would you like to see the monkey I have in my box?" Well, of course I did, so I said yes. When I looked into the box, there was no monkey ... only a mirror.'" Steve Steinberg, "Nightmare with a red nose", ''Dallas Morning News'', 25 January 2003. 〕 Numerous films on the topic have been produced since the late 1980s. Early examples include the horror films ''Out of the Dark'' (1988) and ''Clownhouse'' (1989), followed by ''It'' (1990), a miniseries adaptation of Stephen King's novel. Examples of the late 1990s to 2000s include ''Carnival of Souls'' (1998), ''The Clown at Midnight'' (1999), ''Camp Blood'' (2000), ''Killjoy'' (2000), ''S.I.C.K. Serial Insane Clown Killer'' (2003), ''Fear of Clowns'' (2004), ''Within the Woods'' (2005), ''Coulrophobia'' (2006 short film), ''Secrets of the Clown '' (2007), ''100 Tears'' (2007), ''Clownstrophobia '' (2009); examples of the 2010s include ''The Last Circus'' (2010), ''Klown Kamp Massacre'' (2010), ''Gingerclown'' (2012), ''Stitches'' (2012), ''Sloppy the Psychotic'' (2012), ''Bongo: Killer Clown '' (2014) and ''Clown'' (2014).〔Eric Myford, (Coulrophobia ) (2015), user-created IMDb list.〕 One of the central characters in Álex de la Iglesia's ''The Last Circus'' (2010) is a circus' "funny clown" who is a violent psychopath in real life. The British arts and music festival Bestival cancelled its planned clown theme in 2006 after many adult ticket-holders contacted the organizers expressing a fear of clowns. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「coulrophobia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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