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Countertransference〔Horacio Etchegoyen: The Fundamentals of the Psychoanalytic Technique, Karnac Books ed., New Ed, 2005, ISBN 1-85575-455-X〕 is defined as redirection of a psychotherapist's feelings toward a client—or, more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a client. == Early formulations == The phenomenon of countertransference ((ドイツ語:Gegenübertragung)) was first defined publicly by Sigmund Freud in 1910 ("The Future Prospects of Psycho-Analytic Therapy") as being "a result of the patient's influence on (physician's ) unconscious feelings;" although Freud had been aware of it privately for some time, writing to Carl Jung for example in 1909 of the need "to dominate 'counter-transference', which is after all a permanent problem for us".〔W. McGuire ed., ''The Freud/Jung Letters'' (1974) p. 231〕 Freud stated that since an analyst is a human himself he can easily let his emotions into the client.〔Neil R. Carlson & C.Donald Heth page 595〕〔Laplanche, J & Pontalis, J-B. (1973) ''The Language of Psycho-Analysis'' p. 92〕 Because Freud saw the countertransference as a purely personal problem for the analyst, he rarely referred to it publicly, and did so almost invariably in terms of a "warning against any countertransference lying in wait" for the analyst, who "must recognize this countertransference in himself and master it".〔Freud, quoted in Peter Gay, ''Freud: A life for our time''(London 1989) p. 302 and p. 254〕 However, analysis of Freud's letters shows that he was intrigued by countertransference and did not see it as purely a problem.〔J. Holmes (2014) 'Countertransference before Heimann: An historical exploration', Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association〕 The potential danger of the analyst's countertransference - 'In such cases the patient represents for the analyst an object of the past on to whom past feelings and wishes are projected'〔Annie Reich, quoted in Patrick Casement, ''Further learning from the patient'' (London 1997), p. 177n〕 - became widely accepted in psychodynamic circles, both within and without the psychoanalytic mainstream. Thus, for example, Jung warned against 'cases of counter-transference when the analyst really cannot let go of the patient...both fall into the same dark hole of unconsciousness'.〔C. G. Jung, ''Analytical Psychology: its Theory and Practice''(London 1976) p. 159 and p. 157〕 Similarly Eric Berne stressed that 'Countertransference means that not only does the analyst play a role in the patient's script, but she plays a part in his...the result is the "chaotic situation" which analysts speak of'.〔Eric Berne, ''What Do You Say after You Say Hello?'' (London 1975), p. 352〕 Again, Lacan acknowledged of the analyst's 'countertransference...if he is re-animated the game will proceed without anyone knowing who is leading'.〔Jacques Lacan, ''Ecrits: A Selection''(London 1997) p. 229-230〕 In this sense, the term includes unconscious reactions to a patient that are determined by the psychoanalyst's own life history and unconscious content; it was later expanded to include unconscious hostile and/or erotic feelings toward a patient that interfere with objectivity and limit the therapist's effectiveness. For example, a therapist might have a strong desire for a client to get all 'A's' in university because the client reminds her of her children at that stage in life, and the anxieties that the therapist experienced during that time. Even in its most benign form, such an attitude could lead at best to 'a "countertransference cure"...achieved through compliance and a "false self" suppression of the patient's more difficult feelings'.〔Patrick Casement, ''On Learning from the Patient'' (London 1990), p. 174〕 Another example would be a therapist who didn't receive enough attention from her father perceiving her client as being too distant and resenting him for it. In essence, this describes the transference of the treater to the patient, which is referred to as the “narrow perspective.” 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「CountertransferenceHoracio Etchegoyen: The Fundamentals of the Psychoanalytic Technique, Karnac Books ed., New Ed, 2005, ISBN 1-85575-455-X is defined as redirection of a psychotherapist's feelings toward a client—or, more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a client.== Early formulations ==The phenomenon of countertransference ((ドイツ語:Gegenübertragung)) was first defined publicly by Sigmund Freud in 1910 ("The Future Prospects of Psycho-Analytic Therapy") as being "a result of the patient's influence on (physician's ) unconscious feelings;" although Freud had been aware of it privately for some time, writing to Carl Jung for example in 1909 of the need "to dominate 'counter-transference', which is after all a permanent problem for us".W. McGuire ed., ''The Freud/Jung Letters'' (1974) p. 231 Freud stated that since an analyst is a human himself he can easily let his emotions into the client.Neil R. Carlson & C.Donald Heth page 595Laplanche, J & Pontalis, J-B. (1973) ''The Language of Psycho-Analysis'' p. 92 Because Freud saw the countertransference as a purely personal problem for the analyst, he rarely referred to it publicly, and did so almost invariably in terms of a "warning against any countertransference lying in wait" for the analyst, who "must recognize this countertransference in himself and master it".Freud, quoted in Peter Gay, ''Freud: A life for our time''(London 1989) p. 302 and p. 254 However, analysis of Freud's letters shows that he was intrigued by countertransference and did not see it as purely a problem.J. Holmes (2014) 'Countertransference before Heimann: An historical exploration', Journal of the American Psychoanalytic AssociationThe potential danger of the analyst's countertransference - 'In such cases the patient represents for the analyst an object of the past on to whom past feelings and wishes are projected'Annie Reich, quoted in Patrick Casement, ''Further learning from the patient'' (London 1997), p. 177n - became widely accepted in psychodynamic circles, both within and without the psychoanalytic mainstream. Thus, for example, Jung warned against 'cases of counter-transference when the analyst really cannot let go of the patient...both fall into the same dark hole of unconsciousness'.C. G. Jung, ''Analytical Psychology: its Theory and Practice''(London 1976) p. 159 and p. 157 Similarly Eric Berne stressed that 'Countertransference means that not only does the analyst play a role in the patient's script, but she plays a part in his...the result is the "chaotic situation" which analysts speak of'.Eric Berne, ''What Do You Say after You Say Hello?'' (London 1975), p. 352 Again, Lacan acknowledged of the analyst's 'countertransference...if he is re-animated the game will proceed without anyone knowing who is leading'.Jacques Lacan, ''Ecrits: A Selection''(London 1997) p. 229-230In this sense, the term includes unconscious reactions to a patient that are determined by the psychoanalyst's own life history and unconscious content; it was later expanded to include unconscious hostile and/or erotic feelings toward a patient that interfere with objectivity and limit the therapist's effectiveness. For example, a therapist might have a strong desire for a client to get all 'A's' in university because the client reminds her of her children at that stage in life, and the anxieties that the therapist experienced during that time. Even in its most benign form, such an attitude could lead at best to 'a "countertransference cure"...achieved through compliance and a "false self" suppression of the patient's more difficult feelings'.Patrick Casement, ''On Learning from the Patient'' (London 1990), p. 174Another example would be a therapist who didn't receive enough attention from her father perceiving her client as being too distant and resenting him for it. In essence, this describes the transference of the treater to the patient, which is referred to as the “narrow perspective.”」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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