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cronyism
Cronyism is partiality to long-standing friends, especially by appointing them to positions of authority, regardless of their qualifications.
Cronyism exists when the appointer and the beneficiary are in social contact. Often, the appointer is inadequate to hold his or her own job or position of authority, and for this reason the appointer appoints individuals who will not try to weaken him or her, or express views contrary to those of the appointer. Politically, "cronyism" is derogatorily used.
== Etymology ==
The word "crony" first appeared in 18th century London, according to the Oxford English Dictionary to be derived from the Greek word ''chronios'' (χρόνιος), meaning "long-term".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar )〕
The word ''crony'' also appears in the 1811 edition of Grose's ''Vulgar Tongue'' with a decidedly non-collegiate definition, placing it firmly in the cant of the underworld.〔"''Crony'': An intimate companion, a camrade; also a confederate in a robbery" - ''Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1785 (). Grose〕 Another oft-quoted source is the supposed Irish term ''Comh-Roghna'' (:koˈronə), said to translate as "close pals", or mutual friends.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://crony.askdefine.com/ )〕 However, this term apparently originated with Daniel Cassidy (fabricator of many fake Irish terms) and is completely unknown in the Irish language. (See Ó Dónaill's Irish-English Dictionary p. 288, where the term is conspicuously absent).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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