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cryoneurolysis
Cryoneurolysis, also referred to as cryoanalgesia, cryoneuromodulation, or cryoneuroablation, is a procedure used to temporarily block nerve conduction along peripheral nerve pathways. The procedure, which involves insertion of a small probe to freeze the target nerve, allows for the complete regeneration of the structure and function of the affected nerve. While other treatments for nerve-associated pain, such as oral medications, chemical injections, or surgery, can fail or lead to more serious side effects cryoneurolysis is minimally invasive and associated with minimal side-effects. Cryoneurolysis has been used to treat a variety of painful conditions including: phantom limb pain, intercostal nerve pain, foot neuromas, ilioinguinal nerve pain and occipital neuralgia.
==History==
The use of cold for pain relief and as an anti-inflammatory has been known since the time of Hippocrates (460-377 B.C). Since then there have been numerous accounts of ice used for pain relief including from the Ancient Egyptians and Avicenna of Persia (A.D.982–1070). In 1812 Napoleon's Surgeon General noted that half-frozen soldiers from the Moscow battle were able to tolerate amputations with reduced pain and in 1851, ice and salt mixtures were promoted by Arnott for the treatment of nerve pain. Campbell White, in 1899, was the first to employ refrigerants for medical use and Allington, in 1950, was the first to use liquid nitrogen for medical treatments.〔 In 1961, Cooper et al. created an early cryoprobe, which reached a temperature of -190 °C using liquid nitrogen.〔 Shortly thereafter, in 1967, an ophthalmic surgeon named Amoils used carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide to create a cryoprobe which reached a temperature of -70 °C.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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