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''Cryptocoryne'' (water trumpet) is a genus of aquatic monocot plants from the family Araceae (arums). The genus is naturally distributed in tropical regions of Asia and New Guinea.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔Ipor, I.B., Tawan, C.S., Abai, J., Saupi, N. & Meekiong, K. (2009). Notes on occurrence and distribution of Cryptocoryne species in Sarawak, Malaysia. Folia Malaysiana 10: 115-138. 〕 The typical habitats of ''Cryptocoryne'' are mostly streams and rivers with not too rapidly flowing water, in the lowland forest. They also live in seasonally inundated forest pools or on river banks submerged only at high water. Although the proper scientific name of the genus is ''Cryptocoryne'', they are commonly referred to as crypts. The English name "water trumpet" refers to their inflorescence, a spadix enclosed by a spathe (typical for the whole family), which resembles a trumpet. The first ''Cryptocoryne'' species was described in 1779 as ''Arum spirale'' by Retzius. The genus was described by Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer in 1828. However, the scientific classification of ''Cryptocoryne'' species is very complicated and there are different opinions about it. ''Lagenandra'' is another genus closely related to the genus ''Cryptocoryne''. The two can be easily told apart since the leaves of ''Cryptocoryne'' species exhibit convolute vernation whereas ''Lagenandra'' species exhibit involute vernation. The name ''Cryptocoryne'' is derived from the Greek ''crypto'', hidden, and ''koryne'', meaning club. The common name (water trumpet) refers to the shape of its inflorescence, which is typical of the arum family. Image: Cryptocoryne Flower.JPG|Inflorescence of ''C. pontederiifolia'' Image: Cryptocoryne wendtii.JPG|''C. wendtii'' "Green", the most popular ''Cryptocoryne''. Image:-Cryptocoryne wendtii- from Tropica farm.JPG|A form of ''C. wendtii'' produced by Tropica Aquarium Plants. ;Species〔 # ''Cryptocoryne affinis'' N.E.Br. in J.D.Hooker - Thailand, Malaysia #''Cryptocoryne alba'' de Wit - Sri Lanka #''Cryptocoryne albida'' R.Parker - southern China, eastern India, Bangladesh, Indochina #''Cryptocoryne annamica'' Serebryanyi - Vietnam # ''Cryptocoryne aponogetifolia'' Merr. - Philippines # ''Cryptocoryne auriculata'' Engl. - Sarawak, Palawan, Mindanao # ''Cryptocoryne bangkaensis'' Bastm. - Sumatra # ''Cryptocoryne beckettii'' Thuill. ex Trim. - Sri Lanka; naturalized in Texas # ''Cryptocoryne bogneri'' Rataj - Sri Lanka # ''Cryptocoryne bullosa'' Becc. - Sarawak # ''Cryptocoryne ciliata'' (Roxb.) Schott - India, Bangladesh, Indochina, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea # ''Cryptocoryne cognata'' Schott - India #''Cryptocoryne consobrina'' Schott - India # ''Cryptocoryne cordata'' Griff. - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Java #''Cryptocoryne coronata'' Bastm. & Wijng. - Philippines # ''Cryptocoryne crispatula'' Engl. southern China, northeastern India, Bangladesh # ''Cryptocoryne cruddasiana'' Prain - Myanmar #''Cryptocoryne decus-silvae'' de Wit - Malaysia # ''Cryptocoryne dewitii'' N.Jacobsen - Papua New Guinea #''Cryptocoryne edithiae'' de Wit - Kalimantan #''Cryptocoryne elliptica'' N.E.Br. - Malaysia #''Cryptocoryne ferruginea'' Engl. - Sarawak #''Cryptocoryne fusca'' de Wit - Borneo # ''Cryptocoryne griffithii'' Schott - Kalimantan, Peninsular Malaysia #''Cryptocoryne hudoroi'' Bogner & N.Jacobsen - Kalimantan #''Cryptocoryne ideii'' Budianto - Kalimantan #''Cryptocoryne jacobsenii'' de Wit - Sumatra #''Cryptocoryne keei'' N.Jacobsen - Sarawak # ''Cryptocoryne lingua'' Becc. ex Engl - Sarawak #''Cryptocoryne loeiensis'' Bastm., T.Idei & N.Jacobsen - Laos, Thailand # ''Cryptocoryne longicauda''Becc. ex Engl. - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra # ''Cryptocoryne mekongensis'' T.Idei, Bastm. & N.Jacobsen - Laos, Thailand # ''Cryptocoryne minima'' Ridl. - Malaysia, Sumatra #''Cryptocoryne moehlmannii'' de Wit - Sumatra #''Cryptocoryne nevillii'' Trimen - Sri Lanka #''Cryptocoryne noritoi'' Wongso - Kalimantan #''Cryptocoryne nurii'' Furtado - Peninsular Malaysia #''Cryptocoryne pallidinervia'' Engl. - Borneo # ''Cryptocoryne parva'' de Wit- Sri Lanka # ''Cryptocoryne pontederiifolia'' Schott - Sumatra # ''Cryptocoryne purpurea'' Ridl. - Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo #''Cryptocoryne pygmaea'' Merr. - Philippines # ''Cryptocoryne retrospiralis'' (Roxb.) Kunth - Bangladesh, India, Myanmar #''Cryptocoryne schulzei'' de Wit - Johor #''Cryptocoryne scurrilis'' de Wit - Sumatra #''Cryptocoryne sivadasanii'' Bogner - southern India # ''Cryptocoryne spiralis'' (Retz.) Fisch. ex Wydler - Bangladesh, India #''Cryptocoryne striolata'' Engl. - Borneo #''Cryptocoryne tambraparaniana'' Rajakumar, P.Daniel, Selvak., S.Murug. & Chellap. - Tamil Nadu # ''Cryptocoryne thwaitesii'' Schott - Sri Lanka #''Cryptocoryne × timahensis'' Bastm. - Singapore ''(C. cordata × C. nurii)'' #''Cryptocoryne uenoi'' Yuji Sasaki - Sarawak # ''Cryptocoryne undulata'' Wendt - Sri Lanka # ''Cryptocoryne usteriana'' Engl. - Philippines #''Cryptocoryne versteegii'' Engl. - New Guinea #''Cryptocoryne vietnamensis'' I.Hertel & H.Mühlberg - Vietnam #''Cryptocoryne villosa'' N.Jacobsen - Sumatra # ''Cryptocoryne walkeri'' Schott - Sri Lanka # ''Cryptocoryne wendtii'' de Wit - Sri Lanka # ''Cryptocoryne x willisii'' Reitz - Sri Lanka ''(C. parva × C. walkeri)'' #''Cryptocoryne yujii'' Bastm. - Sarawak #''Cryptocoryne zaidiana'' Ipor & Tawan - Sarawak #''Cryptocoryne zukalii'' Rataj - Peninsular Malaysia == Cultivation and uses == Some water trumpets are popular commercially cultivated aquarium plants. Submerged plants reproduce vegetatively, emerse plants may flower and reproduce sexually. Many species are cultivated only by dedicated experts and are very hard to grow, or are not present in a culture at all. Some species are endangered because their natural habitats are disappearing. On the other hand, some water trumpets (e.g. ''Cryptocoryne beckettii'') are very hardy aquarium plants, easy to grow to the point that they have become an invasive species after being introduced in Florida in North America.〔(The Global Invasive Species Initiative )〕 Some of the ''Cryptocorynes'' are generally the easier ones to keep (in fact, some species, such as ''Cryptocoryne wendtii'' are said to be among the most versatile of aquarium plants); they require low to moderate light (but can grow faster in more intense light), a temperature range of around 20 to 33 °C, and slightly acidic or neutral pH, though they can adapt to higher pH as well. In contrast to accepted aquarium wisdom, it thrives well in calcareous water. Many modern aquariums may be too well lit for crypts to thrive. Plants of the genus ''Cryptocoryne'', which range from India to New Guinea are found in very diverse conditions. Some are true acid loving plants such as ''C. grabowski'', found in peat bogs in Borneo, while others such as ''C. balansae'' and ''C. pontiderifolia'' are found in streams with limestone beds—hard alkaline water. One species, ''C. ciliata'' is even found in semi brackish water in some areas. It is one of the few aquarium plants that tolerates salt concentrations that would almost certainly kill other aquarium plants. There has been an extensive revision of the genus by Jacobsen and many names aquarists are familiar with have been changed. Crypts also have an annoying (to taxonomists!) tendency to hybridize freely in nature and there are a handful of "species" found in nature that are hybrids. Together with the fact that some species show a large variability (''C. wendtii'') and can only be properly identified by the flowering spathe, this makes it difficult to identify some species solely on leaf habit. ''Cryptocoryne'' plants have been in cultivation in the aquarium hobby since the late 18th century, although it was not until the 1960s that more than a handful of species was known and became more common in the hobby. New species still regularly crop up as interest in these plants widens and more collecting expeditions by private parties are carried out. Crypts are of commercial importance in the pet trade and have escaped into the wild in America, Jamaica, and other places. Texas and Florida both have stands of well established populations and these are considered invasive weeds with no known methods of control. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cryptocoryne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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