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A cyanohydrin is a functional group found in organic compounds. It is most commonly examples having a cyano and a hydroxy group attached to the same carbon atom with the formula R2C(OH)CN, where R is H, alkyl, or aryl. Cyanohydrins are industrially important precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids. Cyanohydrins can be formed by the cyanohydrin reaction, which involves treating a ketone or an aldehyde with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of excess amounts of sodium cyanide (NaCN) as a catalyst: :RR’C=O + HCN → RR’C(OH)CN In this reaction, the nucleophilic CN− ion attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon in the ketone, followed by protonation by HCN, thereby regenerating the cyanide anion. Cyanohydrins are also prepared by displacement of sulfite by cyanide salts: Cyanohydrins are intermediates in the Strecker amino acid synthesis. ==Acetone cyanohydrins== Acetone cyanohydrin, (CH3)2C(OH)CN is the cyanohydrin of acetone. It is generated as an intermediate in the industrial production of methyl methacrylate.〔William Bauer, Jr. "Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. . Article Online Posting Date: June 15, 2000〕 In the laboratory, this liquid serves as a source of HCN, which is inconveniently volatile.〔Haroutounian, S. A. "Acetone Cyanohydrin" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001, John Wiley & Sons. 〕 Thus, acetone cyanohydrin can be used for the preparation of other cyanohydrins, for the transformation of HCN to Michael acceptors, and for the formylation of arenes. Treatment of this cyanohydrin with lithium hydride affords anhydrous lithium cyanide: : 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cyanohydrin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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