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|pop5 = 500,000 estimated (2013) |region6 = |pop6 = Unknown (2013) |region7 = |pop7= 200,000 estimated |region8 = |pop8 = Unknown (2013) |region9 = |pop9 = Unknown (2013) |region10 = |pop10 = Unknown (2015) |langs = Languages of South Asia |rels = HinduismIslamChristianitySikhismBuddhism }} Dalit, meaning "oppressed" in South Asia, is the self-chosen political name of castes in the SAARC region which formerly were considered "untouchable," according to the varna system. Though the name Dalit has been in existence since the nineteenth century, the economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) popularised the term. Dalits were excluded from the four-fold Varna system and formed the unmentioned fifth varna; they were also called Panchama.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Untouchables )〕 While "scheduled castes" (SC) is the legal name for those who were formerly considered "untouchable," the term Dalit also encompasses scheduled tribes (ST) and other historically disadvantaged communities who were traditionally excluded from society.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=Maria )〕 Dalits are a mixed population, consisting of groups across South Asia. They speak a variety of languages and practice various religions. With the Scheduled Castes at 16.6% and Scheduled Tribes at 8.6%, the Dalits and Adivasis together make up 25% of India's population according to the 2011 census.〔(2011 Census Primary Census Abstract )〕 To prevent harassment, assault, discrimination and other criminal acts on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, the Indian government enacted the Prevention of Atrocity (POA) act on March 31, 1995.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India )〕〔 In 1932, the British Raj recommended separate electorates to select leaders for Dalits in the Communal Award. When Mohandas Gandhi opposed this, negotiations produced the Poona Pact with B. R. Ambedkar. From its independence in 1947 and expanded in 1974, India provided jobs and educational opportunities for Dalits. By 1995, 17.2% of Government sector IVth class jobs were held by Dalits.〔(【引用サイトリンク】year=2004 )〕 In 1997, India elected Dalit K. R. Narayanan as the nation's President. Many social organizations have promoted better conditions for Dalits through education, health and employment. While caste-based discrimination was prohibited and untouchability abolished by the Constitution of India,〔Art. 15 and 17, Constitution of India,〕 such practices continued.〔. Presented at the Seventieth Session of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination.〕〔Hillary Mayell, (India's "Untouchables" Face Violence, Discrimination ) (2 June 2003). National Geographic News.〕〔P. V. Srividya, (Discrimination against Dalits prevalent: study ) (7 March 2011). ''The Hindu''.〕 Dalits and similar groups are found throughout South Asia, in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Dalits immigrated to the United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Canada and the Caribbean. ==Etymology== The word "dalit" is derived from the Sanskrit past participle adjective दलित (dalita), and means divided, split, broken, scattered, derived from the meaning of the verbal root दल भेदे - to divide. It was perhaps first used by Jyotirao Phule in the nineteenth century, in the context of the oppression faced by the erstwhile "untouchable" castes of the twice-born Hindus. According to Victor Premasagar, the term expresses the Dalits' "weakness, poverty and humiliation at the hands of the upper castes in the Indian society."〔Victor Premasagar in ''(Interpretive Diary of a Bishop: Indian Experience in Translation and Interpretation of Some Biblical Passages )'' (Chennai: Christian Literature Society, 2002), p. 108.〕 The term ''Dalit'' has become a political identity, similar to the way African Americans in the United States moved away from the use of the term "Negro", to the use of "Black" or "African-American."〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Eleanor )〕 Dalits today use the term "Dalit" as they believe the term is more than being broken and is in fact an identity born of struggle and assertion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dalit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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