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danegeld
The Danegeld (;〔 "Danish tax", literally "Dane tribute") was a tax raised to pay tribute to the Viking raiders to save a land from being ravaged. It was called the ''geld'' or ''gafol'' in eleventh-century sources;〔''Gafol'', ''gyld'' and in one instance ''heregild'' appear in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle〕 the term ''Danegeld'' did not appear until the early twelfth century.〔J. A. Green, "The Last Century of Danegeld", ''The English Historical Review'' 96 No. 379 (April 1981:241-258) p. 241.〕 It was characteristic of royal policy in both England and Francia during the ninth through eleventh centuries, collected both as tributary, to buy off the attackers, and as stipendiary, to pay the defensive forces.
==England==
In England, Danegeld, was a tax on the hide, levied originally as a tribute to buy off the Danes but eventually became a permanent land-tax.〔E. Lipson, The Economic History of England, 12th ed., vol. 1 (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1959), p. 16〕
The Viking expeditions to England were usually led by the Danish kings, but they were composed of warriors from all over Scandinavia, and they eventually brought home more than 100 tonnes of silver.〔(''Runriket Täby-Vallentuna – en handledning'', by Rune Edberg ).〕
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