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databending
Databending (or data bending) is the process of manipulating information from within a media file of a certain format, using software designed to edit files of another format. Distortions in the medium typically occur as a result, and the process either falls under a broader category of, or is frequently employed in glitch art.
==Process and techniques==
The term ''databending'' is derived from the process of circuit bending, in which musical objects such as children's toys, effects pedals and electronic keyboards are deliberately short circuited by bending the circuit board to produce erratic and spontaneous sounds. Like circuit bending,〔 databending involves the (often unpredictable) alteration of its target's behavior. Databending achieves this alteration by manipulating the information within a media file of a certain format, using software designed to edit files of a different format; distortions in the medium typically occur as a result.〔〔
Many techniques exist, including the use of hex editors to manipulate certain components of a compression algorithm, to comparatively simple methods.〔 Michael Betancourt has posed a short set of instructions, included in the ''Signal Culture Cookbook,'' that involves the direct manipulation of the digital file using a hexadecimal editing program. One such method involves the addition of audio effects through audio editing software to distort raw data interpretations of image files. Some effects were observed by Masuma Ahuja and Denise Lu of ''The Washington Post'' to produce optical analogues: adding an echo filter duplicated elements of a photo, and inversion contributed to the flipping over of an image. The similarities result from the waveforms corresponding with the layers of pixels in a linear fashion, ordered from top to bottom.〔 Another method, dubbed "the WordPad effect", uses the program WordPad to manipulate images through converting the raw data to the Rich Text Format.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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