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datura
''Datura'' is a genus of nine species of poisonous vespertine flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae. They are known as angel's trumpets, sometimes sharing that name with the closely related genus ''Brugmansia'', and commonly known as daturas. They are also sometimes called moonflowers, one of several plant species to be so. Its precise and natural distribution is uncertain, owing to its extensive cultivation and naturalization throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the globe. Its distribution within the Americas and North Africa, however, is most likely restricted to the United States and Mexico in North America, and Tunisia in Africa, where the highest species diversity occurs.
All species of ''Datura'' are poisonous, especially their seeds and flowers.
Some South American plants formerly thought of as ''Datura'' are now treated as belonging to the distinct genus ''Brugmansia'' (''Brugmansia'' differs from ''Datura'' in that it is woody, making shrubs or small trees, and it has pendulous flowers, rather than erect ones). Other related genera include ''Hyoscyamus'' and ''Atropa''.
==Etymology==
The name ''Datura'' is taken from Hindi धतूरा ''dhatūra'' 'thorn-apple',〔American Heritage Dictionary: ''datura''〕 ultimately from Sanskrit धत्तूर ''dhattūra'' 'white thorn-apple'.〔Monier Monier-Williams, ''A Sanskrit-English Dictionary''.〕 In Sanskrit it is referred as "Kanak" and "Unmatt" in the ancient scriptures of Indian Ayurveda by sages Sushruta and Charaka in the ayurvedic text Sushrut. Record of this name in English dates back to 1662.〔the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' or OED〕 Nathaniel Hawthorne refers to one type in ''The Scarlet Letter'' as ''apple-Peru''. In Mexico, its common name is ''toloache''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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