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daunorubicin
Daunorubicin (INN) or daunomycin (trade name Cerubidine) is chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. It is most commonly used to treat specific types of leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia). It was initially isolated from ''Streptomyces peucetius''.
A liposomal formulation of daunorubicin, liposomal daunorubicin, is marketed in the United States as ''DaunoXome''.
== History ==
In the 1950s, an Italian research company, Farmitalia Research Laboratories, began an organized effort to isolate anticancer compounds from soil-based microbes. A soil sample was isolated from the area surrounding the Castel del Monte, a 13th-century castle in Apulia. A new strain of ''Streptomyces peucetius'' which produced a red pigment was isolated, and an antibiotic was produced from this bacterium that was found to have good activity against murine tumors. Since a group of French researchers discovered the same compound at about the same time, the two teams named the compound daunorubicin, combining the name ''Dauni'', a pre-Roman tribe that occupied the area of Italy where the compound was isolated, with the French word for ruby, ''rubis'', describing the color. Clinical trials began in the 1960s, and the drug saw success in treating acute leukemia and lymphoma. However, by 1967, it was recognized that daunorubicin could produce fatal cardiac toxicity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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