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decomposer
Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so they carry out the natural process of decomposition.〔( NOAA. ACE Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve: Decomposers. )〕 Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development. While the terms decomposer and detritivore are often interchangeably used, however, detritivores must digest dead matter via internal processes while decomposers can break down cells of other organisms using biochemical reactions without need for internal digestion.〔C.Michael Hogan. 2011. (''Trophic level''. Eds. M.McGinley & C.J.cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC )〕
Thus, invertebrates such as earthworms, woodlice, and sea cucumbers are detritivores, not decomposers, in the technical sense, since they must ingest nutrients and are unable to absorb them externally.
==Bacteria==
(詳細はbiomass that exceeds that of all living plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in the recycling of nutrients, and many steps in nutrient cycles depend on these organisms.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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