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A decorticator (from Latin: ''cortex'', bark) is a machine for stripping the skin, bark, or rind off nuts, wood, plant stalks, grain, etc., in preparation for further processing. In 1861, a farmer, named Bernagozzi from Bologna, manufactured a machine called a "scavezzatrice," a decorticator for hemp.〔(Paolo Ranalli and Gianpietro Venturi: Hemp as a raw material for industrial applications, Euphytica, Euphytica 140: 1–6, 2004. )〕 A working hemp decorticator from 1890, manufactured in Germany, is preserved in a museum in Bologna.〔(Picture of an 1890 GERMAN DECORTICATOR at Museo Della Civilta Contadina, San Marino Di Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy. )〕 In Italy, the "scavezzatrice" faded in the 1950s because of monopolization from fossil fuel, paper interests, synthetic materials and from other less profitable crops. Probably hundreds of different decorticators have been developed since 1890.〔(Pictures of many decorticators in Internet )〕 Misconceptions spread about the device includes the suggestion that the first working hemp decorticator was invented in the United States in 1935.〔For example in edits about hemp in Wikipedia〕 In 1916, there were already five different kinds of "machine brakes" for hemp in use in the United States, and still others in Europe.〔(Lyster H. Dewey: HEMP HURDS AS PAPER-MAKING MATERIAL. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BULLETIN No. 404, 1916 )〕 One of the most discussed decorticators is the Schlichten model. Quoted from ''Hemp - American History Revisited'' by Robert Deitch: Quoted from ''The Emperor Wears No Clothes - The Authoritative Historical Record of the Cannabis Plant, Marajuana Prohibition & How Hemp can still Save the World!'' by Jack Herer copyright 1993 Green Planet Company Publishing: In 1919, George Schlichten received a U.S. patent on his improvements of the decorticator for treating fiber bearing plants.〔( George W Schlichten, 1919 )〕 Schlichten failed to find investors for production of his decorticator and died as a broken man in 1923.〔(History of hemp prohibition )〕 In 1943 wrote Lyster Hoxie Dewey: ::"Numerous machines has been devised for breaking and scutching hemp and similar fibers but non have been found to be fully satisfactory in actual commercial work in the United States" 〔(Lyster Hoxie Dewey: Fiber production in the western hemisphere, United states printing office, Washington, 1943 )〕 There are still companies who produce and sell new decorticators for different crops.〔(IndiaMART InterMESH Limited; Decorticators )〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「decorticator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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