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devil
The devil (from Greek: διάβολος or ''diábolos'' = slanderer or accuser) is believed in many religions, myths and cultures to be a supernatural entity that is the personification of evil and the archenemy of God and humankind. The nature of the role varies greatly, ranging from being an effective opposite force to the creator god, locked in an eons long struggle for human souls on what may seem even terms (to the point of dualistic ditheism/bitheism), to being a comical figure of fun or an abstract aspect of the individual human condition.
While mainstream Judaism contains no overt concept of a devil, Christianity and Islam have variously regarded the devil as a rebellious fallen angel or jinn that tempts humans to sin, if not committing evil deeds himself. In these religions – particularly during periods of division or external threat – the devil has assumed more of a dualistic status commonly associated with heretics, infidels, and other unbelievers. As such, the devil is seen as an allegory that represents a crisis of faith, individualism, free will, wisdom and enlightenment.
In mainstream Islam and Christianity, God and the devil are usually portrayed as fighting over the souls of humans. The devil commands a force of evil spirits, commonly known as demons. The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) describes the Adversary (ha-satan) as an angel who instigates tests upon humankind. Many other religions have a trickster or tempter figure that is similar to the devil. Modern conceptions of the devil include the concept that he symbolizes humans' own lower nature or sinfulness.
== Etymology ==
The Modern English word ''devil'' descends from the Middle English ''devel'', from Old English ''dēofol'', that in turn represents an early Germanic borrowing of Latin ''diabolus''. This in turn was borrowed from Ancient Greek ''διάβολος'' (''diábolos''), "slanderer",〔(διάβολος ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 from ''διαβάλλειν'' (''diabállein'') "to slander": ''διά-'' (''diá-'') "across, through" + ''βάλλειν'' (''bállein'') "to hurl". In the New Testament, ''Satan'' occurs more than 30 times in passages alongside ''diábolos'', referring to the same person or thing as Satan.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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