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A dilemma ( "double proposition") is a problem offering two possibilities, neither of which is unambiguously acceptable or preferable. One in this position has been traditionally described as "being on the horns of a dilemma", neither horn being comfortable. This is sometimes more colorfully described as "Finding oneself impaled upon the horns of a dilemma", referring to the sharp points of a bull's horns, equally uncomfortable (and dangerous). The dilemma is sometimes used as a rhetorical device, in the form "you must accept either A, or B"; here A and B would be propositions each leading to some further conclusion. Applied incorrectly, it constitutes a false dichotomy, a fallacy. ==Types== Colorful names have been given to many types of dilemmas. *Chicken or egg: which is first of two things, each of which presupposes the other *Double bind: conflicting requirements ensure that the victim will automatically be wrong. *Ethical dilemma: a choice between moral imperatives. *Extortion: the choice between paying the extortionist and suffering an unpleasant action. *Fairness dilemmas: when groups are faced with making decisions about how to share their resources, rewards, or payoffs. *Hobson's choice: a choice between something and nothing; "take it or leave it". *Morton's fork: choices yield equivalent, often undesirable, results. *Prisoner's dilemma: an inability to coordinate makes cooperation difficult and defection tempting. *Samaritan's dilemma: the choice between providing charity and improving another's condition, and withholding it to prevent them from becoming dependent. *Sophie's choice: a choice between two persons or things that will result in the death or destruction of the person or thing not chosen. *Traveler's dilemma: you could make the best move possible to win the game according to its rules. But in doing so, you forfeit almost the entire value of a lost suitcase full of antiques of which you are the owner. *Zugzwang: one must move and incur harm when one would prefer to make no move (esp. in chess). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dilemma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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