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disaster
A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.
In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a combination of both hazards and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the case in uninhabited regions.〔Quarantelli E.L. (editor) "Where We Have Been and Where We Might Go", ''What is a Disaster?: A Dozen Perspectives on the Question'', London, Routledge, 1 edition 1998, pp.146-159〕
Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits – more than 95 percent of all deaths caused by hazards occur in developing countries, and losses due to natural hazards are 20 times greater (as a percentage of GDP) in developing countries than in industrialized countries.〔Luis Flores Ballesteros. ("Who’s getting the worst of natural disasters?" ) 54Pesos.org, 4 October 2008〕
==Etymology==
The word ''disaster'' is derived from Middle French ''désastre'' and that from Old Italian ''disastro'', which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek pejorative prefix δυσ-, (''dus-'') "bad" and ἀστήρ (''aster''), "star". The root of the word ''disaster'' ("bad star" in Greek) comes from an astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the position of planets.〔("Disaster" ) in Etymology online〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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