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disenchantment
In social science, disenchantment ((ドイツ語:Entzauberung)) is the cultural rationalization and devaluation of mysticism apparent in modern society. The concept was borrowed from Friedrich Schiller〔Richard Jenkins, (Disenchantment, Enchantment and Re-Enchantment ) (2000) 1 ''Max Weber Studies'' 11.〕 by Max Weber to describe the character of modernized, bureaucratic, secularized Western society, where scientific understanding is more highly valued than belief, and where processes are oriented toward rational goals, as opposed to traditional society where for Weber "the world remains a great enchanted garden".〔Max Weber, ''The Sociology of Religion'' (1971) p. 270〕
==Enlightenment ambivalence==
Weber's ambivalent appraisal of the process of disenchantment as both positive ''and'' negative〔A. J. Cascardi, ''The Subject of Modernity'' (1992) p. 19〕 was taken up by the Frankfurt school in their examination of the self-destructive elements in Enlightenment rationalism.〔G. Borradori, ''Philosophy in an Age of Terror'' (2004) p. 69〕
Habermas has subsequently striven to find a positive foundation for modernity in the face of disenchantment, even while appreciating Weber's recognition of how far secular society was created from, and is still "haunted by the ghosts of dead religious beliefs".〔Murray E. G. Smith, ''Early Modern Social Theory'' (1998) p. 274〕
Some have seen the disenchantment of the world as a call for existentialist commitment and individual responsibility in the face of a collective normative void.〔L. Embree ed., ''Schutzian Social Science'' (1999) p. 110-1〕
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