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dissection
Dissection (from Latin ''dissecare'' "to cut to pieces";〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Online Etymology Dictionary - dissect )〕 also called anatomization, from Greek ''anatomia'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Online Etymology Dictionary - Anatomize )〕 from ''ana-'' "up" and ''temnein'' "to cut"〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Online Etymology Dictionary - Anatomy )〕) is the process of disassembling and observing something to determine its internal structure and as an aid to discerning the functions and relationships of its components. The term is most often used concerning the dissection of plants and animals, including humans. Human dissection is commonly practiced in the teaching of anatomy for students of medicine, while students of biology often engage in dissections of animals, but also of plants. Dissection is a medical practice utilized in pathology and forensic medicine during autopsy. Vivisection is related to dissection,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Etymology Online Dictionary - Vivisection )〕 but is done on living specimens.〔("Vivisection" ), ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 2009: "Vivisection: operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals."〕
==In biology==
Dissection is usually applied to the examination of plants and animals. The term is also used in relation to mechanisms, computer programs, written materials, etc., as a synonym for terms such as reverse engineering or literary deconstruction. Dissection is usually performed by students in courses of biology, botany and anatomy and in association with medical and arts studies.
Vivisection refers to the dissection of a living animal, often for the purposes of physiological investigation and nowadays usually under heavy sedation. However, the term is no longer widely used, in part because more sophisticated techniques have superseded it for many applications. The term is now almost entirely used in a pejorative sense by those who oppose animal testing of any sort.
Dissection is often performed as a part of determining a cause of death in autopsy (on humans) and necropsy (on animals) and is an intrinsic part of forensic medicine, such as would be practiced by a coroner.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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