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distinguishing
In law, to distinguish a case means a court decides the holding or legal reasoning of a precedent case will not apply due to materially different facts between the two cases.〔Malleson, Kate and Moules, Richard. ''The Legal System.'' Oxford University Press. 2010. (p.69 )〕 There are two formal constraints on the later court: the factors in the ratio of the earlier case must be retained in formulating the ratio of the later case, and the ruling in the later case must still support the result reached in the precedent case.〔Lamond, Grant. ("Precedent and Analogy in Legal Reasoning: 2.1 Precedents as laying down rules: ) 2.1.2 The practice of distinguishing". ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.'' Stanford University. 2006-06-20.〕
The ruling made by the judge must be based not only on the evidence they are faced with, but the precedents in which they must follow. This means that a precedent will be dealt to a case with similar facts, in which a decision can then be distinguished based upon this.
==Examples==
The English cases ''Balfour v. Balfour'' (1919) and ''Merritt v Merritt'' (1970) both involve a wife making a claim against her husband for breach of contract.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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