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dogma
Dogma is a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.〔(), "dogma." Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 24 Oct. 2011. .〕 It serves as part of the primary basis of an ideology or belief system, and it cannot be changed or discarded without affecting the very system's paradigm, or the ideology itself. The term can refer to acceptable opinions of philosophers or philosophical schools, public decrees, religion, or issued decisions of political authorities.〔(), "Dogma" The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. Ed. John Bowker. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. York University. 25 October 2011 .〕
The term derives from Greek "that which seems to one, opinion or belief"〔(Dogma ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus〕 and that from (''dokeo''), "to think, to suppose, to imagine".〔(Dokeo ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus〕 In the first century CE, dogma came to signify laws or ordinances adjudged and imposed upon others. The plural is either ''dogmas'' or ''dogmata'', from Greek . The term "dogmatics" is used as a synonym for systematic theology, as in Karl Barth's defining textbook of neo-orthodoxy, the 14-volume ''Church Dogmatics''.
== In religion ==
Dogmata are found in religions such as Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, where they are considered core principles that must be upheld by all believers of that religion. As a fundamental element of religion, the term "dogma" is assigned to those theological tenets which are considered to be unanimously agreed upon, such that their proposed disputation or revision effectively means that a person no longer accepts the given religion as his or her own, or has entered into a period of personal doubt. Dogma is distinguished from theological opinion regarding those things considered less well-known. Dogmata may be clarified and elaborated upon, but not contradicted in novel teachings (e.g., (Galatians 1:6-9 )). Rejection of dogma may lead to expulsion from a religious group.
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