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Dollar (often represented by the peso and dollar sign $) is the name of several currencies, including those of Australia, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Namibia, New Zealand, Singapore, Suriname, Taiwan, the United States, and previously Zimbabwe. The U.S. dollar is the official currency of East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, the Caribbean Netherlands, and for banknotes, Panama. Generally, one dollar is divided into one hundred cents. ==History== On 15 January 1520, the Kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins from silver mined locally in Joachimsthal (Czech ''Jáchymov''). The coins were called "''Joachimsthaler''," which became shortened in common usage to ''thaler'' or ''taler''. The German name "Joachimsthal" literally means "Joachim's valley" or "Joachim's dale". This name found its way into other languages: Czech ''tolar'', Hungarian tallér, Danish and Norwegian ''(rigs) daler'', Swedish ''(riks) daler'', Icelandic ''dalur'', Dutch ''(rijks)daalder or daler'', Ethiopian ''ታላሪ ("talari")'', Italian ''tallero'', Polish ''talar'', Persian ''dare'', as well as - via Dutch - into English as ''dollar''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why Is The Dollar Sign A Letter S? )〕 A later Dutch coin depicting a lion was called the ''leeuwendaler or leeuwendaalder'', literally 'lion daler'. The Dutch Republic produced these coins to accommodate its booming international trade. The ''leeuwendaler'' circulated throughout the Middle East and was imitated in several German and Italian cities. This coin was also popular in the Dutch East Indies and in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York). It was in circulation throughout the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th and early 18th centuries and was popularly known as "lion (or lyon) dollar".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dutch Colonial - Lion Dollar )〕 The currencies of Romania and Bulgaria are, to this day, 'lion' (''leu''/''leva''). The modern American-English pronunciation of ''dollar'' is still remarkably close to the 17th century Dutch pronunciation of ''daler''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=etymologiebank.nl )〕 Some well-worn examples circulating in the Colonies were known as "dog dollars".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lion Dollar — Introduction )〕 Spanish pesos - having the same weight and shape - came to be known as ''Spanish'' dollars.〔〔 By the mid-18th century, the lion dollar had been replaced by Spanish dollar, the famous "pieces of eight", which were distributed widely in the Spanish colonies in the New World and in the Philippines.〔National Geographic. June 2002. p. 1. ''Ask Us''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dollar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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