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domperidone
Domperidone (INN, USAN, BAN, JAN) (trade names Motilium, Motillium, Motinorm Costi, Nomit, Brulium Molax) is a medication developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica that acts as a peripherally selective antagonist of the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. It is administered orally, rectally, or intravenously. Domperidone is given in order to relieve nausea and vomiting; to increase the transit of food through the stomach (as a prokinetic agent through increase in gastrointestinal peristalsis); and to increase lactation (breast milk production) by release of prolactin. It is also used in the scientific study of the way dopamine (an important neurotransmitter and hormone) acts in the body.
Domperidone is available in the form of tablets, orally disintegrating tablets (based on Zydis technology), suspension and suppositories.〔
== Mechanism of Action ==
Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine (D2) and (D3) receptor antagonist. It provides relief from nausea by blocking receptors at the chemo-receptor trigger zone (a location in the nervous system that registers nausea) at the floor of the fourth ventricle (a location near the brain). It increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract to a moderate degree and increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure by blocking dopamine receptors in the gastric antrum and the duodenum. It blocks dopamine receptors in the anterior pituitary gland increasing release of prolactin which in turn increases lactation.〔Saeb-Parsy K. ("Instant pharmacology." ) John Wiley & Sons, 1999 ISBN 0471976393, 9780471976394 p216.〕 Domperidone may be more useful in some patients and cause harm in others by way of the genetic characteristic of the person, such as polymorphisms in the drug transporter gene ABCB1, the potassium channel KCNH2 gene, and α1D—adrenoceptor ADRA1D gene.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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