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A dowry is a transfer of parental property at the marriage of a daughter.〔 Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower. While bride price or bride service is a payment by the groom or his family to the bride's parents, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride's family to the groom or his family, ostensibly for the bride. Similarly, dower is the property settled on the bride herself, by the groom at the time of marriage, and which remains under her ownership and control. Dowry is an ancient custom, and its existence may well predate records of it. Dowries continue to be expected, and demanded as a condition to accept a marriage proposal, in some parts of the world, mainly in parts of Asia, North Africa and the Balkans. In some parts of the world, disputes related to dowry sometimes result in acts of violence against women, including killings and acid attacks.〔http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/3071963.stm〕 〔http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77421/1/WHO_RHR_12.38_eng.pdf〕〔http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/cedaw_crc_contributions/AvonGlobalCenterforWomenandJustice.pdf〕 It is most common in cultures that are strongly patrilineal and that expect women to reside with or near their husband's family(patrilocality), dowries have a long history in Europe, South Asia, Africa and other parts of the world. ==Definition== A dowry is the transfer of parental property to a daughter at her marriage (i.e. 'inter vivos') rather than at the owner's death (''mortis causa'').〔 A dowry establishes a type of conjugal fund, the nature of which may vary widely. This fund may provide an element of financial security in widowhood or against a negligent husband, and may eventually go to provide for her sons and daughters. Dowries may also go toward establishing a marital household, and therefore might include furnishings such as linens and furniture. Locally, dowry is called ''dahej'' in Hindi, ''jehaz'' in Urdu and Arabic, ''jiazhuang'' in Mandarin, ''çeyiz'' in Turkish, ''dot'' in French,〔Stevan Harrell and Sara A. Dickey, (Systems in Complex Societies http://www.jstor.org/stable/3773553 ), Ethnology, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Apr., 1985), pages 105-120〕 and in various parts of Africa as ''serotwana'',〔John L. Comaroff (1981), ''Rules and Processes'', University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-11424-4; see Chapter 6〕 ''idana'', ''saduquat'', or ''mugtaf''.〔Anderson, S. (2007), "The economics of dowry and brideprice" in the ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 21(4), pages 151-174.〕〔Charles Mwalimu (2007), ''The Nigerian Legal System: Public Law, Volume 1'' (ISBN 978-0-8204-7125-9), pages 546-551.〕〔(Bride price: an insult to women, a burden to men? ), BBC News, August 30, 2004.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dowry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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