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drought
A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in its waters supply, whether atmospheric, surface or ground water. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days.〔(It's a scorcher - and Ireland is officially 'in drought' ) Irish Independent, 2013-07-18.〕 It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage〔(Living With Drought )〕 and harm to the local economy.〔(Australian Drought and Climate Change ), retrieved on June 7th 2007.〕 Annual dry seasons in the tropics significantly increase the chances of a drought developing and subsequent bush fires. Periods of heat can significantly worsen drought conditions by hastening evaporation of water vapor.
Many plant species, such as those in the family Cactaceae (or cacti), have adaptations like reduced leaf area and waxy cuticles to enhance their ability to tolerate drought. Some others survive dry periods as buried seeds. Semi-permanent drought produces arid biomes such as deserts and grasslands.〔Keddy, P.A. 2007. (http://www.amazon.com/Plants-Vegetation-Origins-Processes-Consequences/dp/0521864801 Plants and Vegetation: Origins, Processes, Consequences). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 666 p.〕 Prolonged droughts have caused mass migrations and humanitarian crises. Most arid ecosystems have inherently low productivity. The most prolonged drought ever in the world in recorded history occurred in the Atacama desert in Chile (400 Years).
== Causes ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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