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droungarios
A ''droungarios'', also spelled ''drungarios'' ((ギリシア語:δρουγγάριος), (ラテン語:drungarius)) or anglicized as Drungary, was a military rank of the late Roman and Byzantine empires, signifying the commander of a formation known as ''droungos''.
==Late Roman and Byzantine army==
Latin-speakers adopted the word ''drungus'' - first attested in the early 4th century - either from Gaulish or from a Germanic language. In the late 6th century, the Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in his ''Strategikon'' used ''droungos'' to refer to a specific tactical deployment, usually of cavalry, although still in the general sense of "grouping, division".
The term ''droungarios'' (Greek: δρουγγάριος) is not documented before the early 7th century but might have been used as an informal or unofficial designation before that date. The office and the corresponding unit appear to have initially referred to ''ad hoc'' arrangements, but during the early 7th century these were formalized, like much of the Eastern Roman army's rank structure.〔.〕 In the new military-administrative theme system, every major division, called a ''thema'' (Greek: θέμα), was further divided into ''tourmai'', while each ''tourma'' was divided into ''moirai'' (Greek: μοίραι) or ''droungoi'', which in turn were composed of several ''banda''. Thus each ''moira'' or ''droungos'' was the analogue of a modern regiment or brigade, initially circa 1000 men strong (and hence also referred to as a ''chiliarchia''), although on occasion it could rise to 3000 men, and Emperor Leo VI the Wise (r. 886–912) is recorded as having established ''droungoi'' of only 400 men for the new smaller themes.〔.〕
The rank of ''droungarios'' was one of the lowest military ranks that carried an accompanying court title, ranging from ''hypatos'' to ''vestētōr''.〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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