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dunam
A dunam (; (トルコ語:dönüm)), also known as a donum or dunum and as the old, Turkish, or Ottoman stremma, was the Ottoman unit of area equivalent to the Greek stremma or English acre, representing the amount of land that could be ploughed by a team of oxen in a day. The legal definition was "forty standard paces in length and breadth",〔V.L. Ménage, Review of Speros Vryonis, Jr. ''The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century'', Berkeley, 1971; in ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'' (University of London) 36:3 (1973), pp. 659-661. (at JSTOR (subscription required) )〕 but its actual area varied considerably from place to place, from a little more than 900 m² in Palestine to around 2500 m² in Iraq.〔''Cowan, J. Milton; Arabic-English Dictionary, The Hans Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' (4th Edition, Spoken Languages Services, Inc.; 1994; p. 351)〕
The unit is still in use in many areas previously ruled by the Ottomans, although the new or metric dunam has been redefined as exactly one decare (1000 m²), in line with the modern Greek royal stremma.
==History==
The name dönüm, from the Ottoman Turkish ''dönmek'' (, "to turn") appears to be a calque of the Byzantine Greek ''stremma'' and had the same size. It was likely adopted by the Ottomans from the Byzantines in Mysia-Bithynia.〔Ménage, ''op.cit.''〕
''The Dictionary of Modern Greek'' defines the old Ottoman stremma as approximately 1,270 m²,〔Λεξικό, 1998〕 but Costas Lapavitsas used the value of 1,600 m² for the region of Naoussa in the early 20th century.〔Costas Lapavitsas, "Social and Economic Underpinning of Industrial Development: Evidence from Ottoman Macedonia", ''Ηλεκτρονικό Δελτίο Οικονομικής Ιστορίας'' ()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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