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''Dwifungsi'' ("dual function") was a doctrine implemented by Suharto's military-dominated "New Order" government in Indonesia following the removal of President Sukarno. ''Dwifungsi'' was used to justify the military permanently increasing its influence in the Indonesian government, including reserved military-only seats in the parliament, and top positions in the nation's public service. == Origins == After the 1949 transfer of sovereignty, the Army accepted civilian rule. As the weaknesses of political system became apparent, officers increasingly felt they had a responsibility to involve themselves in politics to "save the nation". When martial law was declared in 1957, the Army expanded its role into political economic and administrative areas. Army chief-of-staff Nasution was keen to continue this after martial law lifted, and therefore developed the "Middle Way" concept in which Army would neither try to take power nor remain inactive.〔Crouch (2007), p. 24〕 From 25–31 August 1966, the Second Army Seminar was held. The attendees were senior Army officers and more than 100 participants from the Staff and Command College (SESKOAD). It revised the Army doctrine, which was seen as containing too much communist influence. This new doctrine laid down the Army's non-military function, namely "to participate in every effort and activity of the people in the field of ideology, politics and economics and the socio-cultural field"〔Nugroho (1970), p. 12〕 It also produced a document entitled "The Army's Contribution of Ideas to the Ampera Cabinet". This had two parts: # Plan for political stabilisation # Plan for economic stabilisation 〔Nugroho (1970), p. 14〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「dwifungsi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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