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dyspnea
Dyspnea, dyspnoea, shortness of breath or breathlessness is the feeling or feelings associated with impaired breathing. The American Thoracic Society defines it as "a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity," and recommends evaluating dyspnea by assessing the intensity of the distinct sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on activities of daily living. Distinct sensations include effort/work, chest tightness, and air hunger (the feeling of not enough oxygen).
Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations.〔 In 85% of cases it is due to asthma, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or psychogenic causes,〔 such as panic disorder and anxiety. Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause.〔
==Definition==
The American Thoracic Society defines dyspnea as: "A subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity." Other definitions describe it as "difficulty in breathing",〔(TheFreeDictionary ), retrieved on Dec 12, 2009. Citing:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009.Ologies & -Isms. The Gale Group 2008〕 "disordered or inadequate breathing",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UpToDate Inc. )〕 "uncomfortable awareness of breathing",〔 and as the experience of "breathlessness" (which may be either acute or chronic).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=dyspnea – General Practice Notebook )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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