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ecchymosis
An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding (from extravasation of blood) with diameter larger than 1 centimeter. It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a hematoma, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage. Specifically, bruises are caused by trauma whereas ecchymoses, which are the same as the spots of purpura except larger, are not ''necessarily'' caused by trauma, often being caused by pathophysiologic cell function.
A broader definition of ecchymosis〔Merriam-Webster Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecchymosis; accessed 1/2/2012〕〔Gould, George M. "The Practitioner's Medical Dictionary," P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1916 et seq.; p. 311〕 is the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. The term also applies to the subcutaneous discoloration resulting from seepage of blood within the contused tissue.
==Signs and symptoms==
Hematomas can be subdivided by size. By definition, ecchymoses are 1 centimeter in size or larger, and are therefore larger than petechiae ( less than 2 millimeters in diameter) or purpura (2 millimeters to 1 centimeter in diameter). Ecchymoses also have a more diffuse border than other purpura.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Case Based Pediatrics Chapter )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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