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effendi
Effendi, Effendy or Efendi ((ギリシア語:αφέντης) ; Ottoman Turkish language: افندي Efendi, Arabic: أفندي ''Afandī''; (ペルシア語: آفندی ), (ウルドゥー語: آفندی )) is a title of nobility meaning a Lord or Master.
It is a title of respect or courtesy, equivalent to the English Sir, which was used in the Ottoman Empire. It follows the personal name, when it is used, and is generally given to members of the learned professions and to government officials who have high ranks, such as ''bey'' or ''pasha''. It may also indicate a definite office, as ''hekim efendi'', chief physician to the sultan. The possessive form ''efendim'' (my master) is used by servants, in formal discourse, when answering the telephone, and can substitute for "excuse me" in some situations (e.g. asking someone to repeat something) .
In the Ottoman era, the most common title affixed to a personal name after that of ''agha'' was ''efendi''. Such a title would have indicated an "educated gentleman", hence by implication a graduate of a secular state school (''rüşdiye''), even though at least some if not most of these efendis had once been religious students, or even religious teachers.
==Etymology==
The Ottoman Turkish word افندي ''efendi'', in modern Turkish ''efendi'', is a borrowing of the Medieval Greek ''afendēs'', from Ancient Greek ''authentēs'', "master, author, doer, perpetrator" (cf. ''authentic'').〔.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=effendi )〕 This word was widely used as a title for Byzantine nobles as late as 1465, such as in the letters of Cardinal Bessarion concerning the children of Thomas Paleologus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://surprisedbytime.blogspot.co.uk/2014/07/bessarion-on-imperial-hangers-on.html )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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