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eiron
In the theatre of ancient Greece, the ''eirôn'' () was one of three stock characters in comedy.〔Carlson (1993, 23) and Janko (1987, 45, 170).〕 The ''eirôn'' usually succeeded in bringing down his braggart opponent (the ''alazôn'') by understating his own abilities.〔Frye (1957, 172).〕
==History==
The ''eirôn'' developed in Greek Old Comedy and can be found in many of Aristophanes' plays. For example, in The Frogs after the God Dionysus claims to have sunk 12 or 13 enemy ships with Cleisthenes (son of Sibyrtius), his slave Xanthias says 'Then I woke up.'
The philosopher Aristotle names the ''eirôn'' in his ''Nicomachean Ethics'', where he says: "in the form of understatement, self-deprecation, and its possessor the self-deprecator" (1108a12).〔'ἡ δ' ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλαττον εἰρωνεία καὶ εἴρων (1108a12, emphasis added); Perseus Digital Library (2006). (Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics ).〕 In this passage, Aristotle establishes the ''eirôn'' as one of the main characters of comedy, along with the ''alazôn''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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