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electrospinning
Electrospinning is a fiber production method which uses electric force to draw charged threads of polymer solutions or polymer melts up to fiber diameters in the order of some ten nanometers. Electrospinning shares characteristics of both electrospraying and conventional solution dry spinning of fibers.〔Ziabicki, A. (1976) ''Fundamentals of fiber formation'', John Wiley and Sons, London, ISBN 0-471-98220-2.〕 The process does not require the use of coagulation chemistry or high temperatures to produce solid threads from solution. This makes the process particularly suited to the production of fibers using large and complex molecules. Electrospinning from molten precursors is also practised; this method ensures that no solvent can be carried over into the final product.
==Process==
When a sufficiently high voltage is applied to a liquid droplet, the body of the liquid becomes charged, and electrostatic repulsion counteracts the surface tension and the droplet is stretched; at a critical point a stream of liquid erupts from the surface. This point of eruption is known as the Taylor cone. If the molecular cohesion of the liquid is sufficiently high, stream breakup does not occur (if it does, droplets are electrosprayed) and a charged liquid jet is formed.〔(High speed video of the taylor cone formation and electrospinning ). youtube.com〕 〔(Single nozzle electrospinning process nanofiber formation video ). youtube.com〕
As the jet dries in flight, the mode of current flow changes from ohmic to convective as the charge migrates to the surface of the fiber. The jet is then elongated by a whipping process caused by electrostatic repulsion initiated at small bends in the fiber, until it is finally deposited on the grounded collector.〔(High speed video of the whipping instability ). youtube.com〕 The elongation and thinning of the fiber resulting from this bending instability leads to the formation of uniform fibers with nanometer-scale diameters.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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